Doepfer A-120

Module A-120 is a voltage controlled low-pass filter, which filters out the higher parts of the sound spectrum, and lets lower frequencies pass through. The Cut-Off Frequency determines the point at which filtering takes effect. You can control this manually, or by voltage control (filter modulation, for instance by an LFO). Three CV inputs are available, and the sum of the voltages from these affects the filter cut-off.

VCF1 is a co-called "transistor ladder" design, with a cut-off slope of -24 dB/octave, as in various Moog synthesizers. That's what gives it its classic, legendary Moog sound.
Resonance (or Emphasis) is adjustable all the way up to self-oscillation - in which case the filter behaves like a sine wave oscillator.